Dark Matter and Dark Energy: The Invisible Ingredients Shaping Our Universe

When we gaze at the night sky, we see stars, planets, and with luck, perhaps even a distant galaxy. All this visible matter – from cosmic dust to clusters of galaxies – makes up only a tiny fraction of the universe. Surprisingly, about 95% of the cosmos is made of something we cannot directly see: the mysterious dark matter and the even more enigmatic dark energy . These "invisible ingredients" do not emit, absorb, or interact with light in the way that ordinary matter does. However, their presence is felt through their gravitational effects and in the very expansion of the universe. Let's delve into this hidden side of the cosmos to understand what they are and how they shape our understanding of reality. Dark Matter: The Invisible Architecture of the Universe Imagine the universe as a vast cosmic web. The bright nodes in this web are the galaxies and galaxy clusters we can observe. But what forms the structure of this web, the invisible filaments that connect these nod...