Allergy or Food Intolerance: How to Identify It?

 



What Is a Food Allergy?

A food allergy involves an immune system reaction. When an allergic person consumes a specific food, their body perceives it as a threat and releases antibodies, such as Immunoglobulin E (IgE), which trigger allergic reactions.

Common Symptoms:

  • Hives or skin rashes.
  • Swelling (especially of the face, lips, or throat).
  • Difficulty breathing.
  • Dizziness or fainting.
  • Anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction.

Main Causes:
Foods such as milk, eggs, peanuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish are the most common triggers of food allergies.

What Is Food Intolerance?

Food intolerance, on the other hand, does not involve the immune system. It occurs when the body has difficulty digesting certain foods due to the lack or reduction of specific enzymes.

Common Symptoms:

  • Abdominal pain or cramps.
  • Bloating and gas.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Nausea.

Main Causes:
Lactose (found in milk), gluten (present in wheat, rye, and barley), and food additives like sulfites are common culprits of intolerance.

How to Identify It?

  1. Evaluate Symptoms:

    • Rapid and severe reactions typically indicate an allergy.
    • Digestive-related symptoms are more likely linked to intolerance.

  2. Elimination Test:

    • Remove the suspected food for a few weeks and observe any changes in symptoms.

  3. Consult a Professional:

    • An allergist or gastroenterologist can perform tests such as blood tests or skin prick tests for allergies or assess intolerance through digestive evaluations.

  4. Undergo Provocation Tests:

    • Conducted under medical supervision, these tests confirm which food is causing the symptoms.

Food allergies and intolerances have clear differences and require distinct approaches. Correctly identifying these conditions is essential to avoid complications and ensure a healthier life. If you suspect either of them, seek medical advice.

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