Why Does the Greenland Shark Live 400 Years Without Cancer?

 



What Makes the Greenland Shark So Special?

These sharks inhabit the cold, deep waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, living at an incredibly slow pace. However, their longevity goes beyond their environment. Recent studies sequenced about 92% of the Greenland shark’s genome, uncovering unique traits:

  • Advanced DNA Repair: Their DNA has enhanced mechanisms to repair damage, reducing the risk of mutations that lead to cancer.

  • NF-κB Protein: This protein, found in nearly all animal cells, is more abundantly activated in Greenland sharks. It regulates inflammation, immunity, and cell survival—key factors in preventing tumors.

  • Multiplied Genes: They have more copies of genes linked to DNA repair and tumor suppression, such as the TP53 gene, known for its anti-cancer properties.

How Was This Discovery Made?

Scientists used genetic data and comparative analyses to identify the mechanisms that make these sharks so resistant to cancer. They also observed that their adaptation to deep, dark environments plays a role, such as their ability to process blue light in deep waters.

Impact on Science and Medicine

  1. New Cancer Treatments The findings could help develop therapies based on the Greenland shark’s genetic mechanisms, offering new approaches to cancer prevention and treatment in humans.

  2. Extending Human Longevity Studying how these sharks maintain cellular health for centuries could provide insights into prolonging human life in a healthy way.

  3. Marine Biology and Conservation Understanding the unique biology of these animals also highlights the importance of protecting them, as they play a vital role in marine ecosystems.

The Greenland shark is a fascinating example of how nature develops solutions to biological challenges. Its genetic traits not only explain its longevity and cancer resistance but also pave the way for significant advancements in medical science and biology.

Location: Estados Unidos

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